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469 Electroencephalographic Correlate of Sensory Over-Responsivity in Adults with Chronic Tic Disorders
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- David A. Isaacs, Alexander C. Conley, Alexandra P. Key, Carissa J. Cascio, Harrison C. Walker, Mark T. Wallace, Daniel O. Claassen
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 7 / Issue s1 / April 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 April 2023, p. 137
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To identify an electroencephalographic (EEG) signature of SOR in adults with TS METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will recruit 60 adults with CTD and 60 sex- and age-matched healthy controls to complete scales assessing severity of SOR (Sensory Gating Inventory, SGI), tics, and psychiatric symptoms. Subjects will then be monitored on dense-array scalp EEG during sequential auditory and tactile sensory gating paradigms, as such paradigms have been shown to correlate with self-report measures of SOR in other populations. Single-trial EEG data will be segmented into 100-ms epochs and spectrally deconvoluted into standard frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) for pre-defined regions of interest. We will conduct between-group contrasts (Wilcoxon rank-sum) of band-specific sensory gating indices and within-group correlations (Spearman rank correlations) between sensory gating indices and SGI scores. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We hypothesize that, relative to controls, adults with CTD exhibit impaired sensory gating and that extent of impairment correlates with severity of SOR. 14 adults with CTD (9 men, 5 women) and 16 controls (10 men, 6 women) have completed the protocol to date. Within this sample, adults with CTD showed significantly reduced sensory gating compared to controls in frontal (CTD median 0.12 dB (interquartile range -0.15–0.70 dB); control -0.37 dB (-0.80–-0.13 dB); p = 0.01) and parietal (CTD 0.17 dB (-0.08–0.50 dB); control -0.20 dB (-0.43–0.10 dB); p = 0.01) gamma band during the 100-200 ms epoch in the tactile paradigm. No significant between-group differences were evident for the auditory paradigm. Among adults with CTD, multiple sensory gating indices significantly correlated with SGI scores. Enrollment continues. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Results aim to clarify the extent of sensory gating impairment in TS and identify a clinical correlate of neurophysiologic dysfunction in the disorder. Such knowledge has direct implications for identification of candidate neurophysiologic biomarkers, an express goal of the National Institutes of Health.
Hydroponic Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Response to Dicamba in the Nutrient Media1
- Jerron T. Schmoll, S. Kent Harrison, Emilie E. Regnier, Mark A. Bennett
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 14 / Issue 3 / September 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 562-568
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A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of sublethal dicamba concentrations in the nutrient media on hydroponically grown tomato plants. Tomato leaf area was the most sensitive vegetative growth parameter measured in response to dicamba concentrations, ranging from 0 to 22 µg/L. Leaf area was reduced 31 and 76%, and specific leaf weights, a relative measure of leaf thickness (g/cm2), increased 26 and 121% after 30-d exposure to dicamba concentrations of 2.2 and 22 µg/L, respectively. In long-term experiments conducted until plants produced first ripe fruit, regression analysis indicated leaf area reductions of 8 and 66% from initial dicamba concentrations of 1 and 10 µg/L, respectively. Reductions in total fruit fresh weight were highly correlated (r = 0.93) with leaf area reductions caused by dicamba. A hyperbolic regression model gave predicted losses in fruit fresh weight per plant of 6% at 1 µg/L dicamba and 73% at 10 µg/L dicamba (r2 = 0.87). Results generally indicated that the level of dicamba in the nutrient media of hydroponically grown tomatoes that produced no observable effect was ≤ 1 µg/L.
Late Quaternary Vertical Displacement Rate Across the Fish Springs Fault, Owens Valley Fault Zone, California
- Stephen J. Martel, T. Mark Harrison, Alan R. Gillespie
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- Journal:
- Quaternary Research / Volume 27 / Issue 2 / March 1987
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 113-129
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A cinder cone located 11 km south of Big Pine, California, is vertically displaced 78 ± 6 m by the Fish Springs fault of the Owens Valley fault zone. The surfaces of Tahoe-age and Tioga-age alluvial fans that overlie the cone are vertically displaced 31 ± 3 and 3.3 ± 0.3 m, respectively. Neither the cinder cone nor the Tioga-age fan appears to have been laterally offset. The cone is dated by the 39Ar/40Ar method at 314,000 ± 36,000 yr B.P. (2σ), indicating an average late Quaternary vertical displacement rate of 0.25 ± 0.03 mm/yr (2σ). The age of the Tahoe glaciation is uncertain, but probably corresponds to the age of marine oxygen isotope stage 4 and/or 6 (65,000–75,000 and 128,000–195,000 yr, respectively). If the older fan were deposited during stage 4, then the average post-Tahoe vertical displacement rate probably was at least twice the pre-Tahoe late Quaternary rate. If the displacement rate has been constant during the last 314,000 yr, then the surface of the Tahoe-age fan is dated at 124,000 ± 19,000 yr B.P., and the bulk of the fan most likely would have been deposited during stage 6. Based on the displacement of the surface of the Tioga-age (10,600 – 26,000 yr) fan, the average Holocene displacement rate appears to have been slightly less than the average late Quaternary rate.
Effect of Postemergence Glyphosate Application Timing on Weed Control and Grain Yield in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn: Results of a 2-Yr Multistate Study
- Steven A. Gower, Mark M. Loux, John Cardina, S. Kent Harrison, Paul L. Sprankle, Norman J. Probst, Thomas T. Bauman, Wayne Bugg, W. S. Curran, Randall S. Currie, R. Gordon Harvey, William G. Johnson, James J. Kells, Micheal D. K. Owen, David L. Regehr, Charles H. Slack, Marvin Spaur, Christy L. Sprague, Mark Vangessel, Bryan G. Young
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 17 / Issue 4 / December 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 821-828
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Field studies were conducted at 35 sites throughout the north-central United States in 1998 and 1999 to determine the effect of postemergence glyphosate application timing on weed control and grain yield in glyphosate-resistant corn. Glyphosate was applied at various timings based on the height of the most dominant weed species. Weed control and corn grain yields were considerably more variable when glyphosate was applied only once. The most effective and consistent season-long annual grass and broadleaf weed control occurred when a single glyphosate application was delayed until weeds were 15 cm or taller. Two glyphosate applications provided more consistent weed control when weeds were 10 cm tall or less and higher corn grain yields when weeds were 5 cm tall or less, compared with a single application. Weed control averaged at least 94 and 97% across all sites in 1998 and 1999, respectively, with two glyphosate applications but was occasionally less than 70% because of late emergence of annual grass and Amaranthus spp. or reduced control of Ipomoea spp. With a single application of glyphosate, corn grain yield was most often reduced when the application was delayed until weeds were 23 cm or taller. Averaged across all sites in 1998 and 1999, corn grain yields from a single glyphosate application at the 5-, 10-, 15-, 23-, and 30-cm timings were 93, 94, 93, 91, and 79% of the weed-free control, respectively. There was a significant effect of herbicide treatment on corn grain yield in 23 of the 35 sites when weed reinfestation was prevented with a second glyphosate application. When weed reinfestation was prevented, corn grain yield at the 5-, 10-, and 15-cm application timings was 101, 97, and 93% of the weed-free control, respectively, averaged across all sites. Results of this study suggested that the optimum timing for initial glyphosate application to avoid corn grain yield loss was when weeds were less than 10 cm in height, no more than 23 d after corn planting, and when corn growth was not more advanced than the V4 stage.
Contributors
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- By Lenard A. Adler, Pinky Agarwal, Rehan Ahmed, Jagga Rao Alluri, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Samuel Alperin, Michael Amoashiy, Michael Andary, David J. Anschel, Padmaja Aradhya, Vandana Aspen, Esther Baldinger, Jee Bang, George D. Baquis, John J. Barry, Jason J. S. Barton, Julius Bazan, Amanda R. Bedford, Marlene Behrmann, Lourdes Bello-Espinosa, Ajay Berdia, Alan R. Berger, Mark Beyer, Don C. Bienfang, Kevin M. Biglan, Thomas M. Boes, Paul W. Brazis, Jonathan L. Brisman, Jeffrey A. Brown, Scott E. Brown, Ryan R. Byrne, Rina Caprarella, Casey A. Chamberlain, Wan-Tsu W. Chang, Grace M. Charles, Jasvinder Chawla, David Clark, Todd J. Cohen, Joe Colombo, Howard Crystal, Vladimir Dadashev, Sarita B. Dave, Jean Robert Desrouleaux, Richard L. Doty, Robert Duarte, Jeffrey S. Durmer, Christyn M. Edmundson, Eric R. Eggenberger, Steven Ender, Noam Epstein, Alberto J. Espay, Alan B. Ettinger, Niloofar (Nelly) Faghani, Amtul Farheen, Edward Firouztale, Rod Foroozan, Anne L. Foundas, David Elliot Friedman, Deborah I. Friedman, Steven J. Frucht, Oded Gerber, Tal Gilboa, Martin Gizzi, Teneille G. Gofton, Louis J. Goodrich, Malcolm H. Gottesman, Varda Gross-Tsur, Deepak Grover, David A. Gudis, John J. Halperin, Maxim D. Hammer, Andrew R. Harrison, L. Anne Hayman, Galen V. Henderson, Steven Herskovitz, Caitlin Hoffman, Laryssa A. Huryn, Andres M. Kanner, Gary P. Kaplan, Bashar Katirji, Kenneth R. Kaufman, Annie Killoran, Nina Kirz, Gad E. Klein, Danielle G. Koby, Christopher P. Kogut, W. Curt LaFrance, Patrick J.M. Lavin, Susan W. Law, James L. Levenson, Richard B. Lipton, Glenn Lopate, Daniel J. Luciano, Reema Maindiratta, Robert M. Mallery, Georgios Manousakis, Alan Mazurek, Luis J. Mejico, Dragana Micic, Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Walter J. Molofsky, Heather E. Moss, Mark L. Moster, Manpreet Multani, Siddhartha Nadkarni, George C. Newman, Rolla Nuoman, Paul A. Nyquist, Gaia Donata Oggioni, Odi Oguh, Denis Ostrovskiy, Kristina Y. Pao, Juwen Park, Anastas F. Pass, Victoria S. Pelak, Jeffrey Peterson, John Pile-Spellman, Misha L. Pless, Gregory M. Pontone, Aparna M. Prabhu, Michael T. Pulley, Philip Ragone, Prajwal Rajappa, Venkat Ramani, Sindhu Ramchandren, Ritesh A. Ramdhani, Ramses Ribot, Heidi D. Riney, Diana Rojas-Soto, Michael Ronthal, Daniel M. Rosenbaum, David B. Rosenfield, Durga Roy, Michael J. Ruckenstein, Max C. Rudansky, Eva Sahay, Friedhelm Sandbrink, Jade S. Schiffman, Angela Scicutella, Maroun T. Semaan, Robert C. Sergott, Aashit K. Shah, David M. Shaw, Amit M. Shelat, Claire A. Sheldon, Anant M. Shenoy, Yelizaveta Sher, Jessica A. Shields, Tanya Simuni, Rajpaul Singh, Eric E. Smouha, David Solomon, Mehri Songhorian, Steven A. Sparr, Egilius L. H. Spierings, Eve G. Spratt, Beth Stein, S.H. Subramony, Rosa Ana Tang, Cara Tannenbaum, Hakan Tekeli, Amanda J. Thompson, Michael J. Thorpy, Matthew J. Thurtell, Pedro J. Torrico, Ira M. Turner, Scott Uretsky, Ruth H. Walker, Deborah M. Weisbrot, Michael A. Williams, Jacques Winter, Randall J. Wright, Jay Elliot Yasen, Shicong Ye, G. Bryan Young, Huiying Yu, Ryan J. Zehnder
- Edited by Alan B. Ettinger, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, Deborah M. Weisbrot, State University of New York, Stony Brook
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- Neurologic Differential Diagnosis
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- 05 June 2014
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- 17 April 2014, pp xi-xx
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List of contributors
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- By Dale C. Allison, John Barton, Pierre-Maurice Bogaert, Jonathan G. Campbell, James Carleton Paget, J. F. Coakley, John J. Collins, Kristin De Troyer, Gilles Dorival, Mark Edwards, J. K. Elliott, Mark W. Elliott, Wolf-Peter Funk, Thomas Graumann, Lucy Grig, Carol Harrison, C. T. R. Hayward, Michael J. Hollerich, William Horbury, Larry W. Hurtado, Jan Joosten, Adam Kamesar, Chris Keith, Geoffrey Khan, Wolfram Kinzig, Winrich Löhr, David C. Parker, Gerard Rouwhorst, Joachim Schaper, William M. Schniedewind, Günter Stemberger, Emanuel Tov, Eugene Ulrich, Joseph Verheyden, James W. Watts, Peter J. Williams, Frances M. Young
- Edited by James Carleton Paget, University of Cambridge, Joachim Schaper, University of Aberdeen
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- The New Cambridge History of the Bible
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- 05 May 2013
- Print publication:
- 09 May 2013, pp x-xi
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Contributors
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- By Krista Adamek, Ana Luisa K. Albernaz, J. Marcio Ayres†, Andrew J. Baker, Karen L. Bales, Adrian A. Barnett, Christopher Barton, John M. Bates, Jennie Becker, Bruna M. Bezerra, Júlio César Bicca-Marques, Richard Bodmer, Jean P. Boubli, Mark Bowler, Sarah A. Boyle, Christini Barbosa Caselli, Janice Chism, Elena P. Cunningham, José Maria C. da Silva, Lesa C. Davies, Nayara de Alcântara Cardoso, Manuella A. de Souza, Stella de la Torre, Ana Gabriela de Luna, Thomas R. Defler, Anthony Di Fiore, Eduardo Fernandez-Duque, Stephen F. Ferrari, Wilsea M.B. Figueiredo-Ready, Tracy Frampton, Paul A. Garber, Brian W. Grafton, L. Tremaine Gregory, Maria L. Harada, Amy Harrison-Levine, Walter C. Hartwig, Stefanie Heiduck, Eckhard W. Heymann, André Hirsch, Leandro Jerusalinsky, Gareth Jones, Richard F. Kay, Martin M. Kowalewski, Shawn M. Lehman, Laura Marsh, Jesús Martinez, William A. Mason, Hope Matthews, Wynlyn McBride, Shona McCann-Wood, W. Scott McGraw, D. Jeffrey Meldrum, Sally P. Mendoza, Nohelia Mercado, Russell A. Mittermeier, Mirjam N. Nadjafzadeh, Marilyn A. Norconk, Robert Gary Norman, Marcela Oliveira, Marcelo M. Oliveira, Maria Juliana Ospina Rodríguez, Erwin Palacios, Suzanne Palminteri, Liliam P. Pinto, Marcio Port-Carvalho, Leila Porter, Carlos Portillo-Quintero, George Powell, Ghillean T. Prance, Rodrigo C. Printes, Pablo Puertas, P. Kirsten Pullen, Helder L. Queiroz, Luis Reginaldo R. Rodrigues, Adriana Rodríguez, Alfred L. Rosenberger, Anthony B. Rylands, Ricardo R. Santos, Horacio Schneider, Eleonore Z.F. Setz, Suleima S.B. Silva, José S. Silva Júnior, Andrew T. Smith, Marcelo C. Sousa, Antonio S. Souto, Wilson R. Spironello, Masanaru Takai, Marcelo F. Tejedor, Cynthia L. Thompson, Diego G. Tirira, Raul Tupayachi, Bernardo Urbani, Liza M. Veiga, Marianela Velilla, João Valsecchi, Jean-Christophe Vié, Tatiana M. Vieira, Suzanne E. Walker-Pacheco, Rob Wallace, Patricia C. Wright, Charles E. Zartman
- Edited by Liza M. Veiga, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil, Adrian A. Barnett, Roehampton University, London, Stephen F. Ferrari, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brazil, Marilyn A. Norconk, Kent State University, Ohio
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- Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Titis, Sakis and Uacaris
- Published online:
- 05 April 2013
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- 11 April 2013, pp xii-xv
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Amine Templated Zinc Phosphates Phases for Membrane Separations
- Tina M. Nenoff, Alejandra V. Chavez, Steven G. Thoma, Paula Provencio, William T. A. Harrison, Mark L. F. Phillips
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 519 / 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 125
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- 1998
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Our research is focused on developing inorganic molecular sieve membranes for light gas separations such as hydrogen recovery and natural gas purification, and organic molecular separations, such as chiral enantiomers. We focus on zinc phosphates because of the ease in crystallization of new phases and the wide range of pore sizes and shapes obtained. With our hybrid systems of zinc phosphate crystalline phases templated by amine molecules, we are interested in better understanding the association of the template molecules to the inorganic phase, and how the organic transfers its size, shape, and (in some cases) chirality to the bulk. Furthermore, the new porous phases can also be synthesized as thin films on metal oxide substrates. These films allow us to make membranes from our organic/inorganic hybrid systems, suitable for diffusion experiments. Characterization techniques for both the bulk phases and the thin films include powder X-ray diffraction, TGA, Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) and Electron Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS).
Source region of a granite batholith: evidence from lower crustal xenoliths and inherited accessory minerals
- Calvin F. Miller, John M. Hanchar, Joseph L. Wooden, Victoria C. Bennett, T. Mark Harrison, David A. Wark, David A. Foster
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- Journal:
- Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences / Volume 83 / Issue 1-2 / 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 November 2011, pp. 49-62
- Print publication:
- 1992
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Like many granites, the Late Cretaceous intrusives of the eastern Mojave Desert, California, have heretofore provided useful but poorly focused images of their source regions. New studies of lower crustal xenoliths and inherited accessory minerals are sharpening these images.
Xenoliths in Tertiary dykes in this region are the residues of an extensive partial melting event. Great diversity in their composition reflects initial heterogeneity (both igneous and sedimentary protoliths) and varying amounts of melt extraction (from <10% to >70%). Mineral assemblages and thermobarometry suggest that the melting event occurred at T ≥ 750°C at a depth of about 40 km. Present-day Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic ratios indicate a Mojave Proterozoic heritage, but unrealistic model ages demonstrate the late Phanerozoic adjustment of parent/daughter ratios. A link between these xenoliths and the Late Cretaceous granites, though not fully documented, is probable; in any case, they provide invaluable clues concerning a crustal melting event, recording information about nature of source material (heterogeneous, supracrustal-rich), conditions of melting (moderately deep, moderately high T, accompanied by partial dehydration), and melt extraction (highly variable, locally extensive).
The Old Woman-Piute granites contain a large fraction of inherited zircon and monazite. A SHRIMP ion probe investigation shows that these zircons record a Proterozoic history similar to that which affected the Mojave region. Zonation patterns in zircons, and to a lesser extent monazites and xenotimes, document multiple phases of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary growth and degradation, commonly several in a single grain. Low Y in portions of the cores of inherited zircons and monazites and in monazites and outer portions of zircons from the xenoliths appear to indicate growth in equilibrium with abundant garnet.
Perspectives on the source, segregation and transport of granitoid magmas
- Calvin F. Miller, E. Bruce Watson, T. Mark Harrison
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- Journal:
- Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences / Volume 79 / Issue 2-3 / 1988
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 November 2011, pp. 135-156
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- 1988
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The pursuit of a comprehensive theory for the origin and evolution of granitoids is hindered by our incomplete understanding of the nature of the source and the mechanisms by which the magma is segregated and transported. This paper is a collection of three largely independent and necessarily incomplete perspectives on these outstanding issues. Lower to mid-crustal regions, which contain the principal source material for granitoid magmas, are highly heterogeneous. Consideration of available transfer mechanisms suggests that (1) this heterogeneity survives all foreseeable lower crustal processes; (2) closure is on very different scales for different chemical systems (e.g. Pb, Nd, Sr and O isotopes); in almost all cases, however, closure scale is much smaller than the scale of magma extraction zones for plutons; and (3) pluton-wide homogenisation of magmas by diffusion is precluded by low diffusivities in felsic melts. Thus, granitoid magmas begin life as aggregates of small, isolated chemical domains; homogenisation occurs only through (and on the scale of) effective stirring by convection. Because of variability in local conditions as well as in bulk composition, crustal regions undergoing anatexis must be patchworks with variable melt fractions and melt compositions. The way in which magma is extracted from and coalesces with this patchwork exerts a critical influence on the nature of granitoid magmas. Decoupling and unusual coupling of compositional parameters and isotopic heterogeneity within plutons are to be expected in crust-derived granitoids and do not require contamination. Granites image their sources, but these sources are ill-defined and do not correspond to simple, easily-recognised materials. Extent and patterns of heterogeneity remaining in crystallised plutons may be effective indicators of the ascent process.
The efforts of materials scientists in characterising the nature and evolution of solid-phase interconnectivity in partially-molten materials may offer some insights into crustal magmatic processes. In particular, the rheological properties of partially-molten crustal rocks are probably strongly affected by the contiguity of the solid grains in the system (i.e. the fraction of their surface area that is shared with other grains). Theory and experimental data for simple alloy systems reveal that contiguity depends principally upon melt fraction and upon the characteristic wetting angle (θ) of the system. Measured θ's in granitoids (∼50° on average) imply contiguities as high as ∼0·2 for melt fractions of 0·5 or greater. This value in turn suggests that, at least under static conditions, a continuous skeleton of solid grains is maintained to quite high degrees of melting in the crust. Consequently, regions consisting of 50% or more of melt can, in principle, maintain not only high yield strength, but also high viscosity (provided the strain rate is sufficiently low to avoid disrupting contiguity).
Despite the fact that on some time scale the continuous solid skeleton of a partially-molten region resists deformation, it is itself subject to textural evolution that could lead to the upward migration of melt. Occasional detachment of grains from the skeleton and subsequent “microsettling” within the partially-molten column may lead eventually to compaction of the solid (without plastic deformation) and net upward displacement of melt.
Proposed granite transport mechanisms are discussed, although several are viewed as having historical interest only. In the absence of tectonic transport, diapirism appears to be the most compelling of these processes. However, considerable diversity exists in the literature regarding a pivotal requirement for this mechanism. Structural studies have tended to conclude that the granite diapir must be highly crystallised in order to ascend, whereas results of physical modelling yield contradictory results. For ascent to occur in these models, the magmas must be sufficiently fluid to allow convective circulation. Indeed, heat loss associated with diapirism is so efficient as to be a significant restriction on overall ascent. The resolution of these contrasting views appears to be that they reflect different phases of the ascent/emplacement continuum. Understanding the emplacement history of a southeastern Australian pluton allows assessment, via the diapir model, of the flow properties of the rock within the deformation aureole. Results suggest rock viscosities about an order of magnitude lower than those predicted by laboratory experiments, perhaps reflecting difficulties in reproducing natural conditions in the laboratory.